[Event] Software Engineering for Everyday Business

This article is in German, as the language of the announced event is German as well. However, we will report from the event in English, so stay tuned

Veranstaltungsreihe des Ubit, Wirtschaftskammer Wien

Initiiert von der Wirtschaftskammer Wien (Ubit) und mit Unterstützung der Österreichischen Computer Gesellschaft (OCG) veranstalte ich eine Vortagsreihe zum Thema "Software Engineering for Everyday Business". Die Vorträge werden von Experten des jeweiligen Bereiches der TU Wien (ISIS) gehalten.

Themen

Im Umfang von vier Veranstaltungen decken wir folgende Themenbereiche ab:

• Software Engineering und SE Prozesse (9.11.2006): Dietmar Winkler, Michael Pernkopf
• Modellierung, UML und Modellgetriebene Architekturen (30.11.2006): Gerhard Kramler, Manuel Wimmer
• Software Engineering Best-Practices (14.12.2006): Alexander Schatten, Markus Demolsky
• Methoden der Qualitätssicherung (18.1.2007): Dietmar Winkler, Denis Frast

Das Zielpublikum sind im wesentlichen Klein- und Mittelbetriebe, die sich über Trends und Best-Practices im Software Engineering informieren wollen.

Anmeldung & weitere Informationen

Eine Anmeldung für Mitglieder der Wirtschafstkammer Wien, ist über diesen Link des Ubit, für nicht-Mitglieder ist eine Anmeldung über die OCG (Frau Haas) möglich.

Wir werden über die Veranstaltungen natürlich noch in mehr Details berichten!

[Arch] SOA is not a technology

Currently working in a SOA project I often discuss with people who associate SOA with Web Services. Please keep in mind that Service Oriented Architecture is an architectural style or architecture pattern. And more important, SOA is independent of any technology. Web Services are one possible solution to realize SOA.

The best definition about Service Oriented Architecture I found in "Enterprise SOA - Best Practices" written by Dirk Krafzig. He defines a Service-Oriented-Architecture as a software architecture that based on the key concepts of an application frontend, service, service repository, and service bus.

The idea of SOA is not realy new! Thinking about component based development, developers try to develop reused components. The reuse is also the main focus of SOA. Instead of components, in a SOA, everything is a service. This could be a component, a business process, an activity of a business process and something else.
The organizational turntable is the service repository, where all services of an organazation will be published and later reuesed by other services and processes . Services can be called directly or over a service bus, often called Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). The repository is used by a wide range of users, including developers and business analysts. It provides a structural deposition and different levels of descriptions of services. With a good structure and service description it should be easy to find and understand the services provided by an organization.

At this point it becomes clear that SOA is not a technical challenge but an organizational task. An organization which will realize a Service Oriented Architecture must be capable to identify and understand their services and how to organize them. This is the key point when develop a Service Oriented Architecture and not the used technology.

[Event] Java & Persistenz: 23. Nov. 2006

This BLOG Entry is in German, as the Event: "Java and Persistence" will be hold in German, hence it will be not particularly interesting for non-German audience. However, we will report after the event in English.

Der Open Source Arbeitskreis der OCG plant ein Event zum Thema
Persistenz im Java Umfeld.

Vortragende

Diesen Donnerstag findet unser "Persistenz-Event" im Tech-Gate im 3. Stock statt. Es ist uns gelungen, eine Gruppe von hochkarätigen Vortragenden zum Thema zusammenzubringen und wir freuen uns auf:

• Jürgen Höller (Spring Framework)
• Werner Guttmann (Castor Projekt)
• Stefan Edlich (Objektorientierte Datenbanken, db4o)
  

Moderiert wird die Veranstaltung von Alexander Schatten (IFS/TU-Wien).

Inhalt der Vortäge

Jürgen Höller: Die Entwicklung von Spring ORM, von Hibernate bis JPA

• Jürgens Vortrag ist geplant als eine anektotische Reise durch Spring ORM im Kontext der Entwicklungen im Java Persistentbereich. Ziel ist es
• einereseits die historische Entstehung von Spring ORM zu dokumentieren
• andererseits das Produkt in Bezug zu anderen Persistenz APIs zu setzen, e.g. EJB 2.0, Hibernate, JDO, and more recently JPA (EJB 3.0)
• Von besonderem Interesse sind natürlich die Mechanismen, welche auf Spring ORM einwirken, e.g. die Integration von persistence frameworks wie Hibernate, JDO, die Entwicklug von JPA, eine eventuelle Beurteilung von JPA, etc.
• Was sind die Mechanismen zur Integration eines Persistenz-Frameworks?

Werner Guttmann: Data Binding, Persistenz, Aspekte der Modellierung

• Werners Vortrag ist geplant als thematische Annäherung zum eigentlichen Thema (Begriffsbildung, Einordnung nach oben/unten/zur Seite) und als Versuch, Persistenz als gleichwertiger (Modellierungs)Aspekt verstanden zu wissen.
• Darstellung der Problematik, Auflistung typischer Aspekte (persistence, XML data binding, ...)
• Historische Beleuchtung der persistence side of things (JDBC, intrusiveness, standards)
  
• Kurze historische Beleuchtung der XML data binding side of things (frameworks, JAXB)
  
• Abhandlung des Begriffes "Aspekt" --> Bezüge zur Modellierung, Implementierung, separation of concerns

Stefan Edlich: db4o, objektorientierte Datenbanken

• OODBMS Historie und neue Chancen
• Der Open Source Ansatz von db4o.com
• db4o Advanced
• Neue Abfragesprachen: Native Queries und LINQ
• "db4o in the real world"

Im Anschluss gibt es eine Podiumsdiskussion, moderiert von Alexander Schatten.

Ort und Zeit

Do., 23. November 15:00 – 19:00
TechGate Wien 3. Stock

Die Teilnahme ist kostenlos; Anmeldung bitte per Email an Frau Haas (OCG).

Unterstützung

Der Event wird unterstützt von der OCG, Indoqa (Reinhard Pötz), Interface 21, Anecon und dem IFS/TU-Wien. Vielen Dank an alle Beteiligten!

[Tech] High Performance Queries with Apache Lucene

"Full-Text" Search? High Performance Queries!

Apache Lucene is one of the leading full-text indexing frameworks. Actually, from my point of view, the term full-text index/search is somewhat misleading. At least from the "marketing" point of view. For the application developer, Lucene is a framework providing a powerful and very performant query API. For certain, indexing is the technical basis for that, and Lucene allows to index hugh amounts of data: Data is organised in chunks called "documents" and a document can have several fields (name/value pairs). But most appealing for developers, Lucene provides a variety of query options like:

• Search for keywords ("Java")
• Search with wildcards ("Java*" )
• Fuzzy search ("Java~" finds also "Lava")
• Search of terms located close together ("Java Applicationserver~4" both terms within four words)
• Range queries ("500-700")

And additionally these queries can be applied to various fields plus used in combination, i.e. a query like this would be feasible: "Find all Books from Author name is approximiately X where the word Y is in the title, published by publisher C or D and that was published between 1998 and 2003".

Besides the Query API the Lucene framework also offers a query parser, that can be used for user interfaces: The parser eventually uses the abovementioned query API.

Lucenes main application "the usual suspects" are problems like: indexing web-sites, indexing PDF, Office documents on a file server, indexing Wikis (Wikipedia) and so on. Yet, regarding these powerful query options, Lucene is recently used in some projects replacing traditional databases. This can be a good idea, when large amounts of data have to be accessed efficiently, access is mostly read only (few changes/writes) and transactions are not important. Objects could be serialised, e.g., in XML and stored on disk and added to the Lucene index. This can be an easier procedure then using databases. There are drawbacks, of course, like the fact, that data is not as highly structured as in relational databases.

Szabolcs wrote more about this topic in his diploma thesis (see below) and will probably add some thoughts here in the BLOG soon.

Lucene "Multilingual"

The success of the Lucene project, that originated as Java project in the Apache Software pool, is meanwhile followed by ports to other languages like: Perl, Python, C++, Ruby and .net. However, it should be noted, that not all port yet show the same quality as the Java version.

Some Experiences

In our work, we used and still use Lucene in several projects with great success. E.g., Franz Inselkammer used Lucene for his diploma thesis "Question based Knowledge Management in a Groupware Environment". Szabolcs Rozsnyai's diploma thesis "Efficient indexing and searching in correlated business event streams" was the foundation for our ongoing research in Event-Mining strategies.

Luke

One additional tip for work with Lucene is Luke:

Luke is a very handy tool, that allows to inspect Lucene indices. As they are stored in binary form, they are hardly accessible with other editors. And in developing Lucene applications, Luke is very helpful in checking, whether the index really looks as expected.

Learning Lucene

Unfortunately the documentation of the Lucene project is weak. Particularly the material for new users. This is unfortunate, because the project is excellent and this lack of documentation might give a wrong impression. However, there is a good book, that is recommended for every serious Lucene user: Lucene in Action from Otis Gospodnetic and Erik Hatcher. On the website of the book, also two chapters and some examples can be downloaded.

Remark: Sorry for my previous mistake: First I forgot to mention one of the two authors, and then I wrote the name of the other one wrong...

I wrote a brief introduction to Lucene in the current Infoweek.ch magazine (german/swiss).

[Arch] Exception-handling best practices and patterns

"Poor exception-handling implementations can thwart even the best design"
Rebecca J. Wirfs-Brock

Exception Handling Strategies

In the recent issue of IEEE Software, Rebecca J. Wirfs-Brock discusses the influence of exception handling strategies on the quality of software architecture (PDF can be found here). In the article she expresses some design-guidelines

• Coding Errors should not be handled by exception, but treated by proper testing strategies (e.g., unit-tests)
• The number of "own" exception classes should be very limited
• Naming of these exception classes should reflect what happened, not where the exception was raised
• Recasting exceptions has to be done with care: just repeatedly rethrow exceptions is typically not a good idea (also from the performance point of view); on the other hand, throwing exceptions too deep in the hierarchy can leak implementation details (and confuse users)
• Hence exception should be enriched with context information (from the classes that know the context) but thrown at a position, where the user is provided with useful information

Exception Patterns and Anti-Patterns

She suggests the development of exception patterns and anti-patterns (comparably to the well-known software patterns). Some attempts can be found at the Exception Pattern Wiki, and at this article, dealing with exception anti-patterns.

[Tech] Human Computation

I've found a very interesting and very funny video from one of Google's Tech Talks and it concerns a problem which was discussed earlier in this blog: is it a problem to use the labor of internet users or consumers without compensation? Well, Luis von Ahn has found clearly a way to compensate humans for computation and the currency is: fun. He invented the theory of symmetrical and asymmetrical verification games and designed until now three games to use human computation cycles for work which is nearly impossible to be solved by computers. The first one, ESP, is used to label images correctly. The second one, Peekaboom, is used to find the correct areas inside an image where specific features which are asked by their notion. The last one, Verbosity, targets the problem to find syntactically and semantically connections for terms. What is really fascinating is, the people like to be part of the game! They use hours and hours of time to play this games and get score points. They all know about the concept of the game, but that does not matter. So the technique that Luis von Ahn and his colleagues invented is a really unique and genius way to use humans as part of an program to solve the really tough problems.
So is it a problem to use people as processing units if they have fun? At least in the Matrix, they were also very happy ...
And by the way, the style of the presentation is simple admirable (even compared what I've seen at JAOO).

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[Event] Personal impressions of JAOO 2006

JAOO is known as one of the best conferences about Software Development and this is definitely true. Nearly all speakers are on a very high level and the audience is from the smarter kind of developers. The interesting part is, that there is no kind of separation between the attendees of the conference: speakers like Gregor Hohpe or Werner Vogels are listening the same speeches you do and they are sitting next to you! JAOO also is perfectly organized, starting from the registration up to sozial events such as the party on the first evening and the IT-Run, also the catering was very impressive, you never left lunch hungry. The most impressive speakers were Kevlin Henney and Alistair Cockburn. Both are very charismatic and especially Kevlin is very literated and knows how to tell stories. A lot of things weren't really new, but it makes a difference how they were presented.
What is also common to most the crowed: all really love beer ... and the JAOO provides a lot if it, even on the panels.
Aarhus itself is a nice little town and as a lot of pubs and restaurants so it is really worth to leave your hotel in the evening.
So what is left to say? If you can visit the JAOO, go! I will certainly visit JAOO 2007 if it is possible, now with the knowledge this is not a “normal” conference, it is unique in its own way.
Finally, trust your digital cam: if there is no enough light, it is mostly true ...

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[Event] JAOO Tutorial Day 2

Patterns & Practices of Building Sustainable Software Architectures (Frank Buschmann)

Frank wants to bring the message that architecture in software really matters. If you do not know your primary attributes of your project and build and sufficient architecture you never will have a useful piece of software. He selected four themes which are often overlook in concern of architecture: Performance,Scalability, Availability and Flexibility. For each part, he shows up the problems and presented some solutions in kind of patterns or best practices. The final message was simple: architecture matters and if not executed carefully, it will hurt. Architecture is also not about platforms and technology, it is about what it is right to achieve your primary quality attributes.

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[Event] JAOO Tutorial Day 1

ATAM - The Architecture Trade Off Analysis Method (Len Bass)

ATAM is a analysis tool for consultants to quickly detect architectural risks in projects. The main parts are: presenting the business model, extract the quality attributes, the architecture is presented and the evaluator checks if the quality attributes are matched by architectural tactics. Additional possible quality attribute are found via Brainstorming afterwards. The risks, if an quality attribute is not covered by the architecture, are expressed as scenarios, which are prioritized afterwards. This highly risky features are than reported to all stakeholders and provide a good guideline to improve the architecture so the project will meet most of the business needs.

EJB 3 Persistence with OpenJPA (Patrick Linskey & David Ezzio)

JPA is part of the spec of EJB3 and can stand completely alone from the rest of the spec. It is modeled after Hibernate and it seems that finally the persistence in JEE now is use able. OpenJPA is an Open Source Implementation of BEAs Kodo and under Apache License. The main advantage now is that JPA is an usable API which is standardized and implemented by various projects.
Finally the old Entity Beans are gone!

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[Event] JAOO Conference Day 3

Hot Old Ideas - Experiences Of An Old Country Programmer (“Pragmatic” Dave Thomas)

Nice track introduction and an overview which concepts of programming models and languages he has encountered in his life. The reason to know about the history of computer science is, that a lot of ideas were there before but are sometimes forgotten. So sometimes you have to look back to know what could be right today ...

The History of Scheme (Guy L. Steele Jr.)

Introduction to Lisp and its concept of lists and where it was flawed. He then continues to present how Scheme (which original name was Schemer, but the files on his machine only had 6 characters ...) was born and how he discovered that Lamda Functions are functional equivalent to the actor based messaging concept.

Functional Programming And Monads (Erik Meijer)

Haskell is back and with Eric it made a lot of sense once more. For him, because he has a small brain, Haskell was the ultimate language because it represents the ultimate DRY language. He also explained why an experienced Haskell developer never ever writes recursive functions (as I did in the university course long time ago), you can always write folding functions and Lamda functions which work directly on the lists. His advice was, because we have already stolen the work from the mathematicians of the last 2000 years, the best thing to do is to train new ones because otherwise we will run out of ideas ...

Are We There Yet? (Rod Johnson)

Rod told the story how Spring come to life because the JEE concept was totally flawed 2003. Spring was the answer of the community and it fixed completely what IBM, Sun, BEA and others nether got right (because the smart people where never build real applications). The next big thing for Enterprise Java is to focus on the domain model, which should once again really be object oriented and not a dump structure which is only used for state management and as transfer structure between the DAO and the service layer. He has also a wonderful example why the interceptors in EJB3 are totally crap and showed that with Spring 2.0 and AspectJ it is a lot more elegant to inject aspects in the domain model.

Five Considerations for Software Architecture (Kevlin Henney)

Kevlin told something about five considerations for good and elegant architecture, which, as every fundamental truth, was discovered with the help of beer. He explains all five with a lot of anecdotes, but basically the idea is that if the architecture is flawed you never get a project right, independent from tools, languages or platforms you use.

How Will We Be Programming In 2016? (Dave Thomas, Guy L. Steele Jr., Erik Meijer, Kevlin Henney, Ole Lehrmann Madsen, Steve Vinoski)

Because the panel was stopped after the beer was gone, it lasts only for an hour. But all of them agreed in the following points: Concurrency and Distributions of programs will largely increase and had to be supported by tools and language features, programs and the problems they solve will get more complex and we need more tools for analyzing, deploy, test and monitoring them, DSLs will evolve but not everyone is a good language designer so most of them will be rubbish, development is language agnostic, so it doesn't matter in which language you solve the business driven problem.

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[Event] JAOO Conference Day 2

The Soul of a New Programming Language (Guy L. Steele Jr.)

Guy presents Fortress, the planned successor for Fortran and a language which is targeted to the scientific computation community. Fortress is much more convenient for mathematicians to express already existing algorithms and it will also encapsulate by its compiler (or VM) the parallelism of the execution in multi-core or multi-node computer systems. A lot of concepts come from Haskell and Scheme but it will also integrate a lot of features which also have worked for Java. It is planned for 2010, so only the spec is in progress these days, no interpreter is officially available.

Typical Pitfalls in Agile Development (Jutta Eckstein)

Jutta told the audience about a lot of problems she encountered as consultant on large agile teams and opens the track.

DSLs Best Practices illustrated with Eclipse Tools (Markus Völter)

Markus shows how well Model-Driven development could work if you are using sufficient tools on the modeling level and you do not make the mistake to modify generated code. On thing you always should do is to use the strength of model-model transformations. As example, if you build your domain model and finally you want to generate some DOA objects for already existing domain entities, you have sometimes to enrich your model automatically because one or more generated artifacts will be referenced inside the model. So to be consistent and to use constraints on the model level, you have to extend the model itself on the first place. Finally you have to transform it only once to your target artifacts.

DSL implementation at compile-time via syntax extension (Laurence Tratt)

Laurence presented the way how easily DSLs can be build with his own system and platform, Converge, which works basically by the way of statically typed macros. He also mentioned that Converge is actually used by an Indian company so the stuff was not completely academic.

Scrum Tuning: How to Make Good Scrum Implementations Better! (Jeff Sutherland)

Jeff presents a lot of surprising finding from companies which already use SCRUM. One was very interesting, because the team there was large but located in India and the US. So SCRUM was executed in parallel but the team managed to be as successful as a collocated team. He also explains how it is possible to use SCRUM for the whole company (SCRUM C).

Domain Annotations (Michael L Royle & Erik Dörnenburg)

Short presentation how to use attributes as navigation handles to traverse in an domain model then no direct path exists between the entities.

If I was going to Glasgow, I wouldn't start from here (Alistair Cockburn)

The old joke was the start for Alistair to encourage the audience to tell why agile development was not possible to them (the sub context was, someone told him that Scandinavians do not need Agile development because they already do it for their whole life). Surprisingly, one third of the audience delivers working software more than once a month, most deliver at least once in free months. The obstacles which prohibit the deployment for the rest of the projects where basically reasonable, such as a fixed change cycle of the infrastructure, contracts (such as from the government) which forbid agile development (although not internally) or the software was part of embedded systems.

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[Event] JAOO Conference Day 1

The Amazon.com Technology Platform: Building Blocks for Innovation (Werner Vogels)

Werner explains how strong Amazon.com is build as platform on services and why their solutions was the only possible way to scale well. Scaling is fundamental for them because the basic block in their business model is growth. He also mentions that their SAO architecture is not based on a specific vendor or technology (as SOAP/ESB), they use every technology which helps to solve a specific problem. Small teams develop these services and they are full responsible for deployment and the life cycle of the service.

Abstractions for Concurrency (Erik Meijer)

Eric presents the concurrency concept of Comega which helps to solve a lot of nasty problems you have to solve with Monitor usage. Because Comega is a language extension to C#, there is also a library version of the concepts which is based on delegates and can be used in every CLR 2.0 language.

REA (Resources, Events, Agents) (Pavel Hruby)

Pavel explains how business processes can once more be modeled in a way in which the economy normally really works: Goods are resources which are constantly exchanged, if the exchange takes place a business event happens and someone is participant of this transfer.
So instead of to model domain models in the typical technical way as entities and business value methods they can also be modeled in a more reality aligned way.
He builds this concept for the framework which is used in Navision.

Concurrency and the Composition of Frameworks (Joe Duffy)

Joe shows some concepts how to encapsulate concurrency if you build up frameworks and how you can define an API which helps the user to discover what your intention really was and why and how he has to use your code in concurrent situations.

Seaside: A Radical Web Framework (Glenn Vanderburg)

Glenn presented Seaside as working Demo, which he was changing all along the talk. Seaside is based on Smalltalk and makes heavy usage of continuations, so problems like the nasty state transfer if the user use the back button in the browser or “forks” the web page flow with opening a new window could be simply solved. Because it is Smalltalk, you can change the code rather easily on the fly so this talk was a real life demo. The downside is, that Seaside continuations are not serializable, so this can be a great obstacle if you want to scale your web site.

Conversations between Loosely Coupled Services (Gregor Hohpe)

Gregor presents some of his patterns which he is collecting for his new book about patterns for service oriented architectures. Most of the patterns are best practice for complex and simple conversation style between services.

SOA What's left to say? (Steve Vinoski & Gregor Hohpe & Beat Schwegler & Ivo Totev)

The panel discuss what is open for SOA and basically it should be now time to implement architectures based on services and never forget that the implementation is driven by business and not the other way round.

Methodologists are Blue-Green Algae and Methodologies as Swimsuits (Alistair Cockburn)

Alistair explains the audience why methodologists are a very low life form but which is useful because they can transform flawed systems (algae also consume CO2 and produce O, very useful for us). On the other side, methodologies have all different size and shape, so there is no “one fits it all”. His metaphor for this are swimsuits, because if they are used by divers, they have to be really heavy and if they used by girls, well, they can be very lean ...

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[Event] First Day of JAOO 2006

Welcome to the First Review of the JAOO 2006. Monday was the first Conference day and there have been several interesting talks the whole day.

First of course we visited the Key Note from Werner Vogel the CTO of Amazon. His talk was about the business model from Amazon and how the infrastructure they have build the last years fit into it. The Infrastructure is totally service oriented and it was realy interesting to see that they don’t only use services but also invent abstraction layers for Services.

After the Key note there have been several Tracks available to choose talks from:

• Abstractions for Concurrency
• Emerging Web Technologies
• Modeling and Designing Enterprise Applications
• Relational Databases
• SOA - What's Left to Say?
• Solution Track I

The first talk we heard was in the “Abstraction for Concurrency” Track from Erik Meijer (Microsoft). It was realy interesting to see that just one Track of the whole Conference was dedicated to Concurrency. As soon as even simple PC’s or Laptops are equipped with multi cores or processors we see a much higher possibility to adapt our programs to use more threads depending on the architecture of our system running the software. Everybody that has developed Multi Threaded Applications knows that it is not that easy with our current tools and languages. The Monitor concept that is used in the common languages like Java and C# is not that powerful to deal with requirements that rise as soon as we want to use the possibilities described above. For this reason Comega supports new Features for Concurrency. As Comega is still a research project they came out wit a little useful Library for C# called Joins library that gives you a interesting possibility to capsulate all the locking stuff. Check it out at http://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/.

The Second Track we where really interested was SOA. We visited the talk from Gregor Hophe (CTO from Amazon) who was talking about several Patterns for Communication in Loosely Coupled Systems. If you are interesting in try out this webpage.

Fore those of you who are doing Web development or are interested in Web frameworks I advise to take a look to Seaside. The Framework is not new but interrestingly much more interesting is that it is build in Smalltalk J. The main advantage of Seaside is that it supports Continuations and is really easy to write (at least if you know Smalltalk).

The Party Keynote was given by Alistair Cockburn which was the highlight of the whole day. I can just say if you have ever the Chance to hear him live even if it is 1000km away it is worth it.

So this was it from the first day of JAOO 2006 of course there have been much much more.

[Misc] Learning from and with Open Source Projects

Diomidis Spinellis writes in the recent IEEE Software Journal an article "Open Source and Professional Advancement" which I can highly recommend to all students.

In short, his argument is, that the best way (but for sure not an easy one) to improve skills in software engineering and programming is to try to participate in (prestigeous) Open Source projects. I personally can only support this point of view. First of all, students can learn the dynamic of a project of considerable size, learn how communication is done, how sourcecode is managed, how releases are planned, how bugs are tracked and so on. And this on a "real scale".

When they go deeper, they have to learn to read sourcecode from other developers, which is an invaluable skill. They can learn how very good developers program by seeing the results, but also how certain bad designs can affect the quality of code, and they can try to help fixing that.

Besides these skills, working in an Open Source project can be a very satisfying experience. Particularly considering the fact, that the work done for the project (if it is good) is actually used for probably thousands of production systems and not "dumped" like the typical projects during study.

Of course I do not want to give the impression that it is kind of an easy route to just jump in as rookie and develop some extensions for Tomcat. It is not fast money. It is not. Most probably it will taks considerable time to understand prominent OS projects from the user point of view, not to speak of the developers point of view. Even so, the first efforts will probably be rejected by the community, probably it is very hard to understand the sources of the project.

So we speak of a procedure that has a time frame of years, not months and is only recommended for the talented and spirited student deeply interested in producing first-class software. But for those it is probably the best way to get insights and skills that can be hardly acquired otherwise.

However, even if eventually the motivation is not strong enough to actually contribute code, it pays off to go the step beyond beeing "simple user" and going in-depth of a project. The learning effect is still significant and also other ways of contribution are typically highly appreciated (help in forum/wiki, writing tutorials, ...).

BLOG Design Issues

At the moment, we have some issues with the design templates of our BLOG. We experimented with new design to enhance readability for the reader, but currently the result is not as desired.

We are working on this issue. Please be patient at the moment and stay tuned and continue reading and commenting our articles!